There is plenty of research on the comparison of mountain biking and other trail uses impact on the environment. What researchers have found is that there is little difference between hiking and mountain biking on the trails. They did find that equestrian and motorized vehicles to cause significantly more impact than either mountain bikes or hikers.
Research on Trail Erosion and Mountain Biking
Natural Resource Impacts of Mountain Biking
Assessing and Understanding Trail Degradation
A Comparative Study of Impacts to Mountain Bike Trails in Five Common Ecological Regions of the Southwestern U.S.
Open Space Advisory Committee Impact Memo, Jefferson County, CO
Trampling Effects of Mountain Biking and Hiking In A Grassland Park
Off-Road Impacts of Mountain Bikes
Trekking Poles: Can You Save Your Knees and the Environment?
Research on Trail Use and Wildlife Impacts
Responses of Desert Bighorn Sheep To Iincreased Human Recreation
Wildlife Responses To Recreation And Associated Visitor Perceptions
Reactions of Male Alpine Chamois Rupicapra
Research on Resolving Conflicts
USFS Mountain Bicycle Planning
State Park Trail Conflicts and Resolution Strategies
Other
The Economics and Benefits of Mountain Biking
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